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{"id":2836,"date":"2021-07-09T22:05:30","date_gmt":"2021-07-09T21:05:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.joft.org.uk\/?page_id=2836"},"modified":"2022-04-04T15:25:00","modified_gmt":"2022-04-04T14:25:00","slug":"003-vol-2-iss-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.joft.org.uk\/issues\/003-vol-2-iss-1\/","title":{"rendered":".003 Vol 2 Iss 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vol. 2, No. 1, June 2020 Atypical Fair Trade Collection \u2014 Part 1<\/span><\/h2>

Fair Trade Futures<\/span><\/h2>

Atypicality: foundational principles making trade fairer (pp. 1-3)<\/a>
\nPauline Tiffen, George Williams and Patrick Van Zwanenberg
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.13169\/jfairtrade.2.1.0001<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
This issue of The Journal of Fair Trade is taking a different approach. We are calling this an \u2018Atypical Fair Trade
\nCollection\u2019 (Part 1). We asked people involved in some rather unusual Fair Trade or \u2018fair-trade-like\u2019 initiatives to
\nwrite for us. From software and seeds, to palm oil and cannabis, we wanted to know what kinds of products,
\nconnections and social relationships were being developed, and why. What was wrong or unjust about
\nconventional ways of producing and selling those products or services?<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Essays<\/p>\n<\/span><\/h2>

Fair Trade Software: empowering people, enabling economies (pp. 4-12)<\/a>
\nPeres Were, Julie Madeley and M\u00e4dchen Munsell
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.13169\/jfairtrade.2.1.0004<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
Fair Trade Software (FTS) builds on the principles of conventional Fair Trade and applies them to software services in developing countries. Using a model of Shared Value Creation, FTS leverages reputation enhancement opportunities for companies in OECD countries to encourage them to share knowledge with partners in developing countries. Working in this way has been demonstrated to improve the quality and capacity of software companies in developing countries and generate digital employment for urban youth. The improvement gains can lead to significant improvements in other sectors that rely on digital services, e.g. healthcare and education.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
Keywords: ICT4D, digital training in developing countries, Fair Trade innovation, Fair Trade Software
\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Fair Trade and distant production: the normalisation of the North in book publishing (pp. 13-21)<\/a>
\nAudrey Small
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.13169\/jfairtrade.2.1.0013<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
This article seeks to articulate some of the major theoretical difficulties raised by associating book publishing with Fair Trade, building on the concept of the \u2018distant producer\u2019 as critiqued by both Frank Trentmann and Matthias Zick Varul. Where these scholars examine the framing of the Fair Trade producer as always being based in the global South, this article explores an instance of a \u2018distant Northern producer\u2019 of sorts, with particular reference to the publishing of \u2018francophone African literature\u2019. The dominance of Northern publishers in this field creates a complex series of \u2018normalisations of the North\u2019, in which Paris is normalised as the centre of cultural production; the French language is normalised as the dominant language of culture; and non-print literatures are marginalised in global cultural production. Specific issues concerning intellectual production and property then may be seen as sitting uneasily alongside traditional models and perceptions of Fair Trade.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
Keywords: livre \u00e9quitable, International Alliance of Independent Publishers, francophone African literature
\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

The \u2018burden\u2019 of traceability in gold supply chains (pp. 22-26)<\/a>
\nDavid Finlay
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.13169\/jfairtrade.2.1.0022<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) constitutes 15% (600 tonnes) of global gold production but, as a sector, remains largely veiled to both businesses and consumers in developed Western markets. The movement towards the \u2018responsible sourcing\u2019 of such gold is beginning to gain traction, especially in the jewellery sector, but has started some two decades after equivalent movements for responsible coffee, cocoa and tea, and is accompanied by its own - often surprising - challenges. This article provides an overview of both the ASM landscape and the challenges facing miners and supply chain actors in delivering responsibly mined gold to the point of end-consumer products. It concludes with two examples of mass-balance models that Fairtrade is introducing to drive increases in the volumes of responsibly mined gold sold from mine sites, which accounts for and responds to the \u2018burden\u2019 of full traceability for both large- and small-scale supply chain actors.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
Keywords: gold, mining, responsible sourcing, ASM, business, extractives, supply chain, traceability, Fairtrade gold
\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Fair Trade cannabis: a road map for meeting the socio-economic needs and interests of small and traditional growers (pp. 27-34)<\/a>
\nSylvia Kay, Martin Jelsma and David Bewley-Taylor
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.13169\/jfairtrade.2.1.0027<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
Policy changes over the past five years have dramatically reshaped the global cannabis market, opening up legal markets for medical cannabis and, increasingly, also for adult, non-medical use. Despite the fact that these shifts look set to bring a clear range of benefits in terms of health and human rights, there is concern over the many for-profit cannabis companies from the Global North that are aggressively competing to capture the licit spaces, squeezing out small and traditional cannabis farmers from the Global South. If the construction of the global cannabis prohibition regime was an historic mistake, then a transition towards a legally regulated market that concentrates profits in a handful of Big Pharma, Ag, Tobacco and Cannabis companies, while locking out small-scale farmers in the Global South, only serves to further this damaging legacy. The focus of Fair Trade cannabis must be to empower small and traditional producers in the cannabis trade, based on a number of first order principles, market strategies and public policies. Crucially, growers must be enabled to organise amongst themselves and forge coalitions with other actors in order to advocate for appropriate frameworks and interventions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
Keywords: cannabis, sustainable development, human rights, market strategy, cooperatives, war on drugs, drug policy, Fair Trade
\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Changing the optics on palm oil: Fair Trade smallholder supply chains from the palm's ancestral home in West Africa (pp. 35-38)<\/a>
\nGeorge Williams
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.13169\/jfairtrade.2.1.0035<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
Traidcraft Exchange and its sister business Traidcraft Plc have been developing Fair Trade supply chains for over three decades. As core 'Fairtrade'-certified commodities such as coffee, cocoa, tea and bananas have become mainstream in the UK market since the late 1990s, Traidcraft has focused energies on bringing new innovative supply chains and new small-producer organisations into the wider Fair Trade system. The case study presented here is of palm oil sourced from smallholder farmers in Ghana's Eastern region: a commodity normally synonymous with environmental degradation and an area left behind by the economic development of Greater Accra. The case study seeks to demonstrate how Traidcraft's explicit focus on working with small producers and new innovative product ranges provides a counter-balance to consolidation of certified 'Fairtrade' around core commodities. At the same time, the case study highlights some of the challenges of bringing new products to market in the UK's current retail environment.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
Keywords: palm oil, Ghana, smallholders, Fairtrade, Fair Trade, SME
\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Bioleft: open-source seeds for low-input farming systems (pp. 39-43)<\/a>
\nAlmendra Cremaschi and Patrick van Zwanenberg
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.13169\/jfairtrade.2.1.0039<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
This article describes Bioleft, an \u2018open source\u2019, highly collaborative seed breeding initiative, in order to encourage reflection on potential synergies with fair trade ideas and practices. Bioleft aims to develop and redistribute collective agency over seed breeding, as a response to the emergence of an oligopolistic seed industry. It is experimenting with novel approaches to seed innovation that increase the diversity of crop varieties, in order to support agricultural practices that are ignored by mainstream seed firms, particularly small-scale family farming and more ecologically and socially sustainable agricultural practices. More generally it is experimenting with new forms of social and productive organization based on norms of sharing and solidarity.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Make Sure to Set a Title<\/a><\/div>
Keywords: Bioleft, Open-source seeds, Collaborative innovation
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